Maths Symbols Copy and Paste
Complete Reference ÷ × ≠ ∞ π √ ∑
Every maths symbol you need — from basic arithmetic (÷ × ± ≠) to calculus (∫ ∂ ∇) to set theory (∈ ∪ ∩) — with one-click copy and Unicode reference. Works in social media, emails, Word, Google Docs, and anywhere text is supported.
Basic Arithmetic Symbols
The most commonly needed maths symbols — arithmetic operations and basic comparisons. These work everywhere including social media captions, email, and Word documents.
| Symbol | Name & Use | Unicode | Windows Alt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + | PlusAddition. Also: positive number, string concatenation in code. | U+002B | Shift+= | ||||
| − | Minus (proper)Mathematical minus — wider than a hyphen. Use this in maths writing, not the keyboard hyphen. | U+2212 | Alt+8722 | ||||
| × | Multiplication SignProper multiply symbol. Different from the letter x. 4 × 3 = 12. | U+00D7 | Alt+0215 | ||||
| ÷ | Division SignProper division symbol. 12 ÷ 4 = 3. | U+00F7 | Alt+0247 | ||||
| ± | Plus-MinusTolerance, measurement uncertainty. “±2°C”. | U+00B1 | Alt+0177 | ||||
| ≠ | Not Equal Toa ≠ b means a does not equal b. | U+2260 | Alt+8800 | ||||
| ≈ | Approximately Equalπ ≈ 3.14159. “About equal to.” | U+2248 | Alt+8776 | ||||
| ≡ | Identical ToExactly equal / defined as. Stricter than =. | U+2261 | Alt+8801 | ||||
| < | Less Than3 < 5. Also used in code for comparison. | U+003C | Shift+, | ||||
| Greater Than5 > 3. Also used in code. | U+003E | Shift+. | Less Than or Equalx ≤ 10 means x is at most 10. | U+2264 | Alt+8804 | ||
| ≥ | Greater Than or Equalx ≥ 0 means x is non-negative. | U+2265 | Alt+8805 | ||||
| ∝ | Proportional Toy ∝ x means y varies proportionally with x. | U+221D | Alt+8733 |
Powers, Roots & Constants
Superscript numbers for powers, root symbols, and the most important mathematical constants.
| Symbol | Name | Common use | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ² | Superscript 2 | x², km², m² | |
| ³ | Superscript 3 | x³, m³, cm³ | |
| ⁴ | Superscript 4 | x⁴ | |
| ⁻¹ | Superscript −1 | x⁻¹ = 1/x · m⁻¹ (per metre) | |
| √ | Square Root | √9 = 3 | |
| ∛ | Cube Root | ∛27 = 3 | |
| ∜ | Fourth Root | ∜16 = 2 |
| Symbol | Name & Value | |
|---|---|---|
| π | Pi≈ 3.14159265… Ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. | |
| ∞ | InfinityLarger than any finite number. ∞ + 1 = ∞. | |
| e | Euler’s number≈ 2.71828… Base of natural logarithm. | |
| φ | Phi — Golden Ratio≈ 1.61803… φ = (1 + √5)/2. | |
| ° | DegreeAngle measure. 360° = full circle. Also temperature. | |
| ′ | Prime (arcminute)1/60 of a degree. Also feet in measurements. | |
| ″ | Double Prime (arcsecond)1/3600 of a degree. Also inches. |
Algebra, Calculus & Advanced Symbols
| Symbol | Name & Use | Unicode | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ∑ | Summation (Sigma)Sum of a sequence. ∑ from i=1 to n of xᵢ. | U+2211 | |
| ∏ | Product (Pi notation)Product of a sequence. | U+220F | |
| ∫ | Integral∫f(x)dx — area under a curve. | U+222B | |
| ∬ | Double IntegralIntegration over a 2D region. | U+222C | |
| ∂ | Partial Derivative∂f/∂x — partial differentiation. | U+2202 | |
| ∇ | Nabla / DelGradient, divergence, curl operator. | U+2207 | |
| → | Right ArrowImplies, tends to, maps to, limit notation. | U+2192 | |
| ⟹ | ImpliesA ⟹ B: if A then B. | U+27F9 | |
| ⟺ | If and only ifA ⟺ B: A iff B. Biconditional. | U+27FA | |
| ∀ | For All∀x ∈ ℝ: universal quantifier. | U+2200 | |
| ∃ | There Exists∃x: existential quantifier. | U+2203 | |
| ¬ | Logical NOT¬A: negation of A. | U+00AC |
Set Theory Symbols
| Symbol | Name & Use | Unicode | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ∈ | Element ofx ∈ A: x is a member of set A. | U+2208 | |
| ∉ | Not an element ofx ∉ A: x is not in set A. | U+2209 | |
| ⊂ | Subset ofA ⊂ B: A is a subset of B. | U+2282 | |
| ⊃ | Superset ofA ⊃ B: A contains B. | U+2283 | |
| ∪ | UnionA ∪ B: all elements in A or B. | U+222A | |
| ∩ | IntersectionA ∩ B: elements in both A and B. | U+2229 | |
| ∅ | Empty SetThe set with no elements. | U+2205 | |
| ℕ | Natural numbers{0, 1, 2, 3, …} or {1, 2, 3, …} | U+2115 | |
| ℤ | Integers{…, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, …} | U+2124 | |
| ℚ | Rational numbersFractions p/q where p,q are integers. | U+211A | |
| ℝ | Real numbersAll numbers on the number line. | U+211D | |
| ℂ | Complex numbersNumbers of the form a + bi. | U+2102 |
Greek Letters Used in Mathematics
Greek letters are fundamental to mathematics, science, and engineering. These are the most commonly needed ones for maths writing.
| Lowercase | Uppercase | Name | Common maths use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α | Α | Alpha | Angles, constants, significance level (statistics) | |
| β | Β | Beta | Angles, regression coefficients, type II error | |
| γ | Γ | Gamma | Gamma function, Euler-Mascheroni constant | |
| δ | Δ | Delta | Change (Δx), small quantities (δ), discriminant | |
| ε | Ε | Epsilon | Small positive number (ε-δ proofs), error | |
| θ | Θ | Theta | Angle variables (most common use in trig) | |
| λ | Λ | Lambda | Eigenvalues, wavelength, Poisson rate parameter | |
| μ | Μ | Mu | Mean (statistics), micro- prefix, friction coefficient | |
| π | Π | Pi | π ≈ 3.14159. Π used for product notation. | |
| σ | Σ | Sigma | σ = standard deviation. Σ = summation. | |
| φ | Φ | Phi | Golden ratio φ ≈ 1.618. Euler’s totient function. | |
| ω | Ω | Omega | Angular frequency. Ω = ohm (electrical resistance). |
Common Maths Formulas — Copy and Paste Ready
These complete formula strings use Unicode characters and can be pasted directly into social media, emails, and documents. Click any to copy.
FAQ
How do I type the division symbol ÷? Windows: Alt + 0247. Mac: ⌥ /. iPhone/Android: hold the ÷ key or look in the symbols keyboard. Or copy it here: ÷
What is the difference between × (multiplication) and x (letter x)? The proper multiplication sign × (U+00D7) is a different character from the letter x. Using x for multiplication is informal and works in casual contexts; × is typographically correct in formal maths and looks cleaner.
How do I type π on a keyboard? Mac: ⌥ P. Windows: Alt + 960 or paste from this page. π is a standard Unicode character that copies and pastes correctly everywhere.
Do these maths symbols work in Google Docs and Word? Yes — all Unicode characters on this page paste correctly into Google Docs, Microsoft Word, and LibreOffice. They appear as the correct symbol in the document’s font.
What does ∞ look like in different fonts? The infinity symbol ∞ (U+221E) renders slightly differently across fonts — some are more rounded, some more angular — but it’s always recognisable as infinity. In mathematical contexts it always has the same meaning regardless of font.